In a significant move towards greater model accessibility and customization, OpenAI has released two new open-weight language models — GPT-OSS-120B and GPT-OSS-20B. These models mark the company’s first open-weight offering since GPT-2 in 2019, providing developers and enterprises the ability to run advanced language models locally and behind their own firewalls.
Unlike fully open-source models, open-weight models grant public access to trained model parameters but not the underlying source code or training datasets. This allows developers to fine-tune the models for specific use cases without recreating the original training environment.
“One of the things that is unique about open models is that people can run them locally, behind their own firewall, on their own infrastructure,” said Greg Brockman, OpenAI co-founder, during a press briefing.
The two models cater to different hardware capabilities:
GPT-OSS-120B is designed to run on a single GPU.
GPT-OSS-20B is optimized for personal computers and lightweight environments.
Despite their compact deployment profiles, both models are said to deliver performance on par with OpenAI’s proprietary o3-mini and o4-mini models, particularly excelling in domains such as software development, competition-level mathematics, and health-related queries. The models were trained on a curated, text-only dataset with an emphasis on STEM fields and general knowledge.
While OpenAI has not published direct benchmarks comparing these models with recent competitors like DeepSeek-R1, industry observers are keenly watching how they perform in real-world applications.
In a related announcement, Amazon Web Services (AWS) confirmed that the new models are now accessible via the AWS Bedrock generative AI marketplace. “OpenAI has been developing great models, and we believe these will be valuable open-weight options for customers,” said Atul Deo, Director of Product for Bedrock.
This release coincides with OpenAI’s ongoing fundraising efforts, as the company—backed by Microsoft and reportedly valued at around $300 billion—seeks to raise up to $40 billion in a new round led by SoftBank Group.
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