For Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) based in zero-tax jurisdictions like the Middle East, investment decisions often revolve around balancing global returns, currency dynamics, tax efficiency, and long-term accessibility. A common dilemma is whether to stay invested in global markets—such as the S&P 500—or transfer funds to India for investment in mutual funds. The optimal path depends on three core pillars: returns, taxation, and liquidity.

1. Returns: The USD Advantage and INR Depreciation

The S&P 500 has historically delivered ~10% annualized returns in USD. When combined with the long-term average INR depreciation of 3–4% per year, this results in effective INR-adjusted returns of 13–14%. This trend supports a strong case for maintaining global exposure, especially in dollar-denominated assets.

In contrast, Indian mutual funds—particularly diversified equity funds—have offered INR returns in the 11–13% range over long periods. While attractive, these returns are fully in INR terms. For an NRI, the FX-adjusted outcome can vary widely depending on timing and exchange rate movements, making them relatively less predictable from a foreign currency standpoint.

2. Taxation and Efficiency

From a tax-efficiency lens, your Middle East residency offers a significant advantage: zero capital gains tax on global investments. Investing through international brokerages or USD-denominated ETFs (such as those tracking the S&P 500) is highly efficient under this structure.

Conversely, Indian mutual fund investments are subject to capital gains taxation in India—even for NRIs. Additionally, U.S. equity dividends are subject to a 25% withholding tax, which can erode returns unless reinvested through accumulation-focused products.

3. Liquidity and Repatriation

Global portfolios offer superior liquidity and easier fund mobility. With international platforms, you retain flexibility in reallocating or withdrawing capital without complex procedures.

In contrast, repatriating funds from India can be burdensome. Transfers from NRO accounts involve TDS, Form 15CA/CB filings, and are subject to remittance caps. If your plans to return to India shift, or if the INR weakens significantly, accessing Indian-held capital could pose challenges.

Strategic Recommendation

Given the current scenario—zero tax residency, 5–7 year horizon with potential for longer overseas stay, and INR depreciation trend—it is strategically prudent to remain invested globally, particularly in USD assets like the S&P 500. This approach captures both capital appreciation and currency advantage, while maintaining liquidity and minimizing administrative burden.

Should your return to India become more definitive, consider a phased approach to shifting investments—through SIPs or gradual reallocation—to mitigate FX and market timing risks. A well-diversified, globally balanced portfolio tailored to your life goals and location flexibility remains key.

For personalized guidance aligned to your financial goals, consulting a SEBI-registered investment advisor is highly recommended.